Finite-Element Modelling of Nonlinear Behaviour of the Middle Ear (36 of 41)

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Finite-Element Modelling of<br> Nonlinear Behaviour of the Middle Ear

1. Outline

2. Nonlinear behaviour of the middle ear

2. Nonlinear behaviour of the middle ear (cont'd)

2. Nonlinear behaviour of the middle ear (cont'd)

3.1 Stuhlman (1937)

3.2 Stuhmiller (1989)

3.3 Price & Kalb (1991)

3.4 Chen (1993)

3.5 Wada & Kobayashi (1990)

3.6 Pascal <em>et al.</em> (1998)

4.1 What?

4.2 Why?

4.3.1 Choice of element geometry

4.3.2.1 Type of problem

4.3.2.2 Assumptions about mechanical behaviour

4.3.2.3 Material laws

4.3.2.4 Methods for formulation

4.3.3 Mesh generation

4.3.4 Specification of material properties

4.3.5.1 Linear calculation of static responses

4.3.5.2 Natural frequencies and modes

4.3.5.3 Time-domain responses and frequency responses

4.3.6 Testing for convergence

5. Nonlinear finite-element modelling

5.1 Solution methods

5.1 Solution methods (cont'd)

5.2 Sources of nonlinearity

6. Nonlinear behaviour of tissues

6. Nonlinear behaviour of tissues (cont'd)

6.1 Bone

6.2 Soft tissues

6.2.1 Hysteresis

6.2.2 Preconditioning

6.2.3 Rate dependence

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7. Example

7. Example (cont'd)

8.3 Free

9. Acknowledgements

10. References

6.2.4 Creep and relaxation

Another kind of experiment involves either

applying a constant strain and measuring the gradual decay in the resulting force (relaxation); or
applying a constant force and measuring the gradually changing strain (creep)

These gradual changes may continue over many hours, severely taxing the patience of the investigator.

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