Computer models of the middle ear

We develop computer models of the middle ear using the finite-element method, which involves dividing a complex structure into a large number of simple parts.

The model shown here includes:

• The eardrum (gray), seen from the inside. Its conical shape and curved sides are important in determining its behaviour.
• The three little bones (ossicles) of the middle ear:
  • malleus (red)
  • incus (green)
  • stapes (blue)
  These bones conduct sound energy from the eardrum to the inner ear, where it is converted into nerve impulses.
• Various ligaments (yellow). These ligaments suspend the three bones and in part determine how they move.

We can apply a simulated sound to the model and watch it vibrate.