Structure and function of the middle ear (69 of 81)

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1.1 Overall anatomy of the human ear

1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear

1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear (cont'd)

1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear (cont'd)

1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear (cont'd)

1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear (cont'd)

1.3.1 Air cavities

1.3.2 Eardrum configuration

1.3.2 Eardrum configuration (cont'd)

1.3.2 Eardrum configuration (cont'd)

1.3.3 Ossicles

1.3.4 Anterior mallear attachment

1.3.5 Posterior incudal ligament

1.3.5 Posterior incudal ligament (cont'd)

1.3.6 Muscles

1.4 Changes with age

1.4 Changes with age (cont'd)

1.5 Human ear in macroscopic sections

1.6.1 Overview

1.6.1 Overview (cont'd)

1.6.2 Stapes

1.6.2 Stapes (cont'd)

1.6.2 Stapes (cont'd)

1.6.2 Stapes (cont'd)

1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus

1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd)

1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd)

1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd)

1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd)

1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd)

1.7 Eardrum microstructure

1.7 Eardrum microstructure (cont'd)

1.7 Eardrum microstructure (cont'd)

2.1 Middle ear as transformer

2.1.1 Surface area

2.1.1 Surface area (cont'd)

2.1.2 Lever arm

2.1.3 Curvature

2.1.3 Curvature (cont'd)

2.1.3 Curvature (cont'd)

2.1.4 Combination

2.2 Middle-ear muscles

3.1.1 Békésy (1941)

3.1.2 Khanna (1970)

3.1.3 Other

3.1.3 Other (cont'd)

3.1.3 Other (cont'd)

3.2.1 Khanna (1970)

3.2.1 Khanna (1970) (cont'd)

3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997)

3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd)

3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd)

3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd)

3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd)

3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd)

3.2.3 Maftoon et al. (2013)

3.2.3 Maftoon et al. (2013) (cont'd)

3.2.3 Maftoon et al. (2013) (cont'd)

3.2.3 Maftoon et al. (2013) (cont'd)

3.3 Ossicular vibrations

3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd)

3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd)

3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd)

3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd)

3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd)

3.4 Static pressurization

3.4 Static pressurization (cont'd)

3.4 Static pressurization (cont'd)

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3.5.3 Békésy (1949)

3.5.3 Békésy (1949) (cont'd)

3.5.4 Kirikae (1960)

3.5.5 Decraemer (1980)

3.5.6 Cheng, Dai & Gan (2007)

3.6.1 Voss <em>et al.</em> (2000)

3.6.2 Ellaham <em>et al.</em> (2007)

3.6.3 Todd (2005)

4.1 Sizes

4.2 Displacements

4.3 Time scales

4.4 Tissue types

3.5 Material properties

3.5.1 Uniaxial measurements on relatively large samples

Békésy (1949)
Kirikae (1960)
Decraemer et al. (1980)
Cheng, Dai & Gan (2007)
Luo, Dai, Gan & Lu (2009)

3.5.2 Indentation, etc.

Huang, Daphalapurkar, Gan & Lu (2008)
Daphalapurkar, Dai, Gan & Lu (2009)
Hesabgar, Marshall, Agrawal, Samani & Ladak (2010)
Aernouts & Dirckx (2011)
Zhang & Gan (2010) – sound pressure

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BMDE-501 Modelling middle-ear mechanics

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