Next 1.1 Overall anatomy of the human ear 1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear 1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear (cont'd) 1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear (cont'd) 1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear (cont'd) 1.2 Anatomy of the human middle ear (cont'd) 1.3.1 Air cavities 1.3.2 Eardrum configuration 1.3.2 Eardrum configuration (cont'd) 1.3.2 Eardrum configuration (cont'd) 1.3.3 Ossicles 1.3.4 Anterior mallear attachment 1.3.5 Posterior incudal ligament 1.3.5 Posterior incudal ligament (cont'd) 1.3.6 Muscles 1.4 Changes with age 1.4 Changes with age (cont'd) 1.5 Human ear in macroscopic sections 1.6.1 Overview 1.6.1 Overview (cont'd) 1.6.2 Stapes 1.6.2 Stapes (cont'd) 1.6.2 Stapes (cont'd) 1.6.2 Stapes (cont'd) 1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus 1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd) 1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd) 1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd) 1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd) 1.6.3 Lenticular process of incus (cont'd) 1.7 Eardrum microstructure 1.7 Eardrum microstructure (cont'd) 1.7 Eardrum microstructure (cont'd) 2.1 Middle ear as transformer 35 of 81 2.1.1 Surface area (cont'd) 2.1.2 Lever arm 2.1.3 Curvature 2.1.3 Curvature (cont'd) 2.1.3 Curvature (cont'd) 2.1.4 Combination 2.2 Middle-ear muscles 3.1.1 Békésy (1941) 3.1.2 Khanna (1970) 3.1.3 Other 3.1.3 Other (cont'd) 3.1.3 Other (cont'd) 3.2.1 Khanna (1970) 3.2.1 Khanna (1970) (cont'd) 3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) 3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd) 3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd) 3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd) 3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd) 3.2.2 Khanna & Decraemer (1997) (cont'd) 3.2.3 Maftoon et al. (2013) 3.2.3 Maftoon et al. (2013) (cont'd) 3.2.3 Maftoon et al. (2013) (cont'd) 3.2.3 Maftoon et al. (2013) (cont'd) 3.3 Ossicular vibrations 3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd) 3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd) 3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd) 3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd) 3.3 Ossicular vibrations (cont'd) 3.4 Static pressurization 3.4 Static pressurization (cont'd) 3.4 Static pressurization (cont'd) 3.5.2 Indentation, etc. 3.5.3 Békésy (1949) 3.5.3 Békésy (1949) (cont'd) 3.5.4 Kirikae (1960) 3.5.5 Decraemer (1980) 3.5.6 Cheng, Dai & Gan (2007) 3.6.1 Voss <em>et al.</em> (2000) 3.6.2 Ellaham <em>et al.</em> (2007) 3.6.3 Todd (2005) 4.1 Sizes 4.2 Displacements 4.3 Time scales 4.4 Tissue types

2.1.1 Surface area

Human middle ear, frontal view

Ratio of eardrum area to footplate area.

Force balance:
ftm = ffp
ptmAtm = pfpAfp
pfp = ptm(Atm/Afp)

After Cull (1989): The Sourcebook of medical illustration, Parthenon, Carnforth, xxiii+481 pp.

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BMDE-501 Modelling middle-ear mechanics

R. Funnell
Last modified: 2024-01-06 19:31:54

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