Next Finite-Element Modelling of<br> Nonlinear Behaviour of the Middle Ear 1. Outline 3 of 41 2. Nonlinear behaviour of the middle ear (cont'd) 2. Nonlinear behaviour of the middle ear (cont'd) 3.1 Stuhlman (1937) 3.2 Stuhmiller (1989) 3.3 Price & Kalb (1991) 3.4 Chen (1993) 3.5 Wada & Kobayashi (1990) 3.6 Pascal <em>et al.</em> (1998) 4.1 What? 4.2 Why? 4.3.1 Choice of element geometry 4.3.2.1 Type of problem 4.3.2.2 Assumptions about mechanical behaviour 4.3.2.3 Material laws 4.3.2.4 Methods for formulation 4.3.3 Mesh generation 4.3.4 Specification of material properties 4.3.5.1 Linear calculation of static responses 4.3.5.2 Natural frequencies and modes 4.3.5.3 Time-domain responses and frequency responses 4.3.6 Testing for convergence 5. Nonlinear finite-element modelling 5.1 Solution methods 5.1 Solution methods (cont'd) 5.2 Sources of nonlinearity 6. Nonlinear behaviour of tissues 6. Nonlinear behaviour of tissues (cont'd) 6.1 Bone 6.2 Soft tissues 6.2.1 Hysteresis 6.2.2 Preconditioning 6.2.3 Rate dependence 6.2.4 Creep and relaxation 7. Example 7. Example (cont'd) 8.3 Free 9. Acknowledgements 10. References

2. Nonlinear behaviour of the middle ear

The middle ear is linear for comfortable sound pressure levels.

The middle ear is nonlinear for the large forces and displacements found in


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R. Funnell
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